TrumpsMouth Research Hub · January 6, 2021

January 6: events, people, claims and the record.

A growing source-linked map of the 2020 election certification fight, the Capitol breach, the people who shaped the events, criminal cases, congressional findings and the later pardons. This page separates what happened, what institutions concluded, and what remains disputed or politically characterized.

306–232

Official Electoral College result

National Archives records show Joseph R. Biden Jr. received 306 electoral votes and Donald J. Trump received 232.

3:44 AM

Count completed Jan. 7

After the Capitol breach interrupted the joint session, Congress completed the electoral count early the next morning.

1,583+

Federal defendants charged

By January 2025, DOJ said more than 1,583 people had been charged in nearly all 50 states in cases tied to the Capitol breach.

600+

Officer-assault cases

By January 2025, DOJ said more than 600 defendants had been charged with assaulting or impeding law enforcement.

140

Officers assaulted

DOJ has stated that approximately 140 law-enforcement officers defending the Capitol were assaulted on January 6.

Jan. 20, 2025

Clemency proclamation

President Trump later issued broad pardons and commutations for offenses related to events at or near the Capitol on January 6.

Feb. 16, 2027

Pipe-bomb trial scheduled

Brian J. Cole Jr. has pleaded not guilty to federal charges over the two pipe bombs placed near the RNC and DNC on January 5, 2021. A federal judge set trial for February 16, 2027.

10 of 10

Federal agencies identified potential threats

GAO found all 10 federal agencies it reviewed identified potential threats of violence before January 6; two—the FBI and Capitol Police—identified credible threats.

121–303 / 6–93

Arizona objection rejected

After Congress reconvened, the House rejected the Arizona electoral-vote objection 121–303 and the Senate rejected it 6–93.

138–282 / 7–92

Pennsylvania objection rejected

The House rejected the Pennsylvania electoral-vote objection 138–282 and the Senate rejected it 7–92.

TimelineVisual storyPrimary mediaTrump–Pence pressureState contactsEvidence filesSecurity & responseGuard timelineAlternate electorsCongressional objectionsKey peopleMajor questionsCase treesInjuries & deathsCases & clemencySource library

Visual chronology

Pictures placed beside the record

Photographs are credited and used as documentary context. Captions state what an image does—and does not—establish.

Documentary photograph related to January 6, 2021
3:49 PM

Pennsylvania Avenue looking toward the Capitol

A street-level photograph made on January 6 shows people moving along Pennsylvania Avenue with the Capitol visible in the distance. The image is documentary context; it does not by itself establish what any pictured individual later did.

Photo: Kurt Kaiser · CC0 1.0 ↗
Documentary photograph related to January 6, 2021
4:08 PM

January 6 documentary photograph

A second Kurt Kaiser photograph, recorded by its EXIF data shortly after 4 p.m., provides visual context from Washington during the ongoing Capitol emergency.

Photo: Kurt Kaiser · CC0 1.0 ↗
Documentary photograph related to January 6, 2021
Jan. 6

Wide-area Washington context

A third CC0 photograph in the same series documents the day from a wider Washington vantage point. It is used to orient the visual chronology, not as proof of a specific allegation.

Photo: Kurt Kaiser · CC0 1.0 ↗
1:00 PM Joint session convenes2:13 PM Senate recesses as breach reaches the building8:00 PM Congress reconvenes3:44 AM Electoral count completed

Video & primary-media chronology

Footage, recorded remarks and institutional timestamps

This lane distinguishes government-originated records from committee-preserved third-party footage and later court descriptions of video evidence. Each card says what kind of source it is so readers can judge provenance before drawing conclusions.

Jan. 6 · 1:45–4:45 PMVideo compilation preserved by GovInfo

Synchronized East Main / Columbus Doors footage

GovInfo preserves a three-hour synchronized video compilation in the Select Committee supporting-materials collection. The underlying compilation originated outside government; this hub therefore treats it as committee-preserved source material, not as government-authored footage.

Open media/source record ↗
Jan. 6 · 2:13 PMOfficial chamber activity log

Senate recess timestamp

The Senate Daily Press log records the Senate standing in recess at 2:13 PM. It is not video, but it is a primary institutional timestamp that can be aligned with security-camera, body-camera and open-source footage.

Open media/source record ↗
Jan. 6 · 4:20–4:35 PMTrial video evidence summarized by DOJ

Northwest Courtyard police-clearing sequence

A later jury-verdict release describes body-worn-camera and open-source video used at trial to timestamp repeated confrontations as officers pushed rioters away from the Northwest Courtyard. The card reports what the trial record says the footage showed and does not generalize beyond that case.

Open media/source record ↗
Jan. 6 · late afternoonArchived presidential video transcript

Trump tells supporters to go home while repeating election-fraud claims

The American Presidency Project preserves the transcript and embedded video of Trump's January 6 taped remarks telling supporters to go home and calling for peace while also repeating that the election had been stolen. The two elements are presented together because both are part of the same recorded statement.

Open media/source record ↗
Jan. 7 · 5:52 PM recordingOfficial presidential record

Trump records a follow-up address on the attack and transition

The Compilation of Presidential Documents, published by the Office of the Federal Register/NARA, records a January 7 videotaped address made at 5:52 PM. It belongs to the immediate aftermath timeline rather than the January 6 minute-by-minute attack chronology.

Open media/source record ↗
2022 archiveGovernment archive index

GovInfo preserves hearing videos, transcripts and supporting materials

GovInfo's January 6 Select Committee collection provides a stable government archive for hearing materials, videos, transcripts and documents. Committee conclusions remain labeled as committee findings even when the underlying source material is preserved in the archive.

Open media/source record ↗
Jan. 6 · 2:24 PMPreserved social-media record / congressional hearing

Trump’s Pence post is preserved in the congressional hearing record

The hearing transcript records the exact timing and substance of Trump’s post criticizing Pence. The surrounding evacuation and breach sequence is labeled as the Select Committee’s reconstruction.

Open media/source record ↗
Jan. 6 · 4:17 PMPresidential video / preserved congressional record

Trump’s go-home video preserves both a peace message and continued election-fraud claims

The congressional record preserves the video’s timing and language. TrumpsMouth keeps the de-escalation request and the repeated stolen-election assertion together so the source is not selectively excerpted.

Open media/source record ↗
Jan. 6 · 6:01 PMPreserved social-media record / congressional record

Trump’s evening post becomes part of the documentary aftermath record

The congressional record preserves the 6:01 p.m. post. Interpretive claims made during the impeachment proceeding remain attributed to the speakers who made them.

Open media/source record ↗

Sequence matters

Election → certification fight → Capitol breach → resumed count

This chronology anchors the sequence to primary and adjudicated records. The afternoon now includes precise Senate, breach and police-clearing timestamps; additional camera angles, radio traffic and room-by-room movement will continue to be layered in.

Nov. 3, 2020

Presidential election

States conducted the 2020 presidential election. The official Electoral College result ultimately recorded Biden 306, Trump 232.

Open source ↗
Dec. 14, 2020

Electors cast official votes

State-appointed electors met and cast the Electoral College votes later transmitted to the National Archives and Congress.

Open source ↗
Dec. 2020

Unofficial alternate-elector certificates submitted

The Office of the Federal Register received unofficial certificates from Republican slates in seven states. NARA says these were not accepted as evidence of official state action.

Open source ↗
Jan. 5, 2021

Capitol Police and FBI threat products flag possible violence

GAO later found that Capitol Police developed an information paper describing confrontation between opposing groups as nearly certain, while the FBI developed a report describing potential violence and calls for violence around the January 6 events.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 12:59 PM

Joint session convenes

The Congressional Record documents the Vice President and Senate entering the House chamber for the constitutionally required electoral-vote count.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · before count

Pence rejects unilateral authority

Vice President Mike Pence wrote that his oath constrained him from claiming unilateral authority to decide which electoral votes should be counted.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · afternoon

Capitol perimeter and building breached

Rioters overwhelmed police lines and entered the Capitol, forcing evacuation or sheltering of lawmakers and interrupting the electoral-count proceeding.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 2:11 PM

Senate Wing window broken

Evidence later presented in the Proud Boys prosecution placed Dominic Pezzola at the first window breach at about 2:11 p.m.; members of the group entered shortly afterward.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 2:13 PM

Senate recesses as the Capitol breach reaches the building

The Senate's official Daily Press log records the chamber standing in recess at 2:13 PM. This is a chamber-proceedings timestamp; it is useful for aligning the congressional record with the physical breach chronology.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · ~2:13 PM

Rioters enter through the Senate Wing area

DOJ court records in later guilty-plea and sentencing cases place the initial Senate Wing window/door breach at approximately 2:12–2:13 PM. This entry uses adjudicated case records for the timing rather than relying on a political summary.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 2:16 PM

Pence is evacuated from the Senate floor

In testimony preserved by Congress, the Select Committee said National Security Council staff recorded at 2:16 p.m. that the Vice President was being pulled from the Senate floor. This timestamp is presented as a committee finding based on contemporaneous staff communications, not as an independent judicial finding.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 2:24 PM

Trump publicly criticizes Pence while the Capitol attack is underway

Trump posted that Mike Pence lacked the courage to do what Trump said should have been done with the electoral votes. Congressional hearing records preserve the 2:24 p.m. post and place it after Pence had been moved from the Senate floor. The page records the timing and content separately from later arguments about Trump’s intent or legal responsibility.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · ~2:25 PM

Committee chronology places East Rotunda and Crypt breaches immediately after the Pence post

The Select Committee hearing record states that roughly 30 seconds after the 2:24 p.m. Pence post, rioters already inside opened the East Rotunda door, and roughly 30 seconds later rioters breached the Crypt one floor below. These times are explicitly attributed to the committee’s reconstruction.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 4:17 PM

Trump releases a video telling supporters to go home while repeating election-fraud claims

Congressional records preserve the 4:17 p.m. video in which Trump told supporters to go home and called for peace while also repeating that the election had been stolen. The hub presents both parts together rather than quoting only the de-escalation language or only the election claim.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 6:01 PM

Trump posts a final evening message about the day’s events

The congressional impeachment record preserves a 6:01 p.m. Trump post after the Capitol had been cleared. The hub treats the post as part of the documentary chronology and does not use the impeachment managers’ interpretation of it as a substitute for a separate factual finding.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 4:20–4:35 PM

Trial evidence records a sustained police push on the northwest side

In a later guilty verdict, DOJ summarized body-worn and open-source video evidence showing officers pushing rioters from the Northwest Courtyard beginning around 4:20 PM, with further confrontations through roughly 4:35 PM. The timing is presented as trial evidence tied to that case, not as a complete map of every part of the Capitol grounds.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · evening

Congress reconvenes

After law enforcement cleared the Capitol, the House and Senate resumed the electoral-count proceeding rather than abandoning it.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 8:06 PM

Senate returns from recess

The Senate's official Daily Press log records Vice President Pence speaking and the Senate returning from recess at 8:06 PM, providing a precise institutional timestamp for the resumption of the electoral-count process.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 9:58 PM

Senate rejects Arizona objection, 6–93

After the joint session resumed, the Senate voted on the Arizona electoral-vote objection submitted by Representative Paul Gosar and Senator Ted Cruz and others. The objection was not sustained, 6–93.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6 · 11:08 PM

House rejects Arizona objection, 121–303

The House then rejected the Arizona objection 121–303. The Clerk’s roll call records 121 Republicans voting to sustain it and 303 members voting against.

Open source ↗
Jan. 7 · 12:30 AM

Senate rejects Pennsylvania objection, 7–92

The Senate rejected the Pennsylvania electoral-vote objection submitted by Representative Scott Perry and Senator Josh Hawley, 7–92.

Open source ↗
Jan. 7 · 3:08 AM

House rejects Pennsylvania objection, 138–282

The House rejected the Pennsylvania objection 138–282 shortly before completion of the electoral count.

Open source ↗
Jan. 7 · 3:44 AM

Electoral result completed

The National Archives records that the electoral results were not certified until 3:44 a.m. because of the violent unrest in and around the Capitol.

Open source ↗
2022–2023

Seditious-conspiracy convictions

Federal juries convicted leaders or members of both the Oath Keepers and Proud Boys of seditious conspiracy and related felonies in separate trials.

Open source ↗
Dec. 2022

House Select Committee final report

The House Select Committee issued its final report and supporting archive. Its conclusions are identified on this hub as committee findings, not judicial verdicts.

Open source ↗
Jan. 20, 2025

Trump issues pardons and commutations

Trump commuted named sentences and granted broad pardons for offenses related to January 6. Clemency changed criminal consequences; it did not erase the historical court record of pleas, verdicts, or trial evidence.

Open source ↗
Dec. 4, 2025

Federal arrest in long-running pipe-bomb investigation

DOJ announced the arrest of Brian J. Cole Jr. and alleged that he transported and planted two improvised explosive devices near the Republican and Democratic national committee headquarters on January 5, 2021. The charges are allegations; Cole later pleaded not guilty.

Open source ↗
Jan. 6, 2026

Federal grand jury indicts Brian Cole Jr.

The U.S. Attorney’s Office for D.C. announced a federal indictment charging Cole with interstate transportation of explosives and malicious attempt to use explosives. DOJ said cell-site analysis placed his phone along the route associated with the suspect. Cole is presumed innocent unless proven guilty.

Open source ↗
July 6–8, 2026

Judge rejects pardon claim and sets 2027 trial

A federal judge ruled that Trump’s January 2025 January 6 clemency proclamation did not cover Cole’s pipe-bomb case. Two days later the court scheduled a roughly two-week trial to begin February 16, 2027. Cole has pleaded not guilty.

Open source ↗

Constitutional pressure sequence

Trump–Pence pressure timeline

This section separates the documentary record, Pence’s own stated position and the Select Committee’s later findings. A committee conclusion is never presented as though it were a court judgment.

Primary congressional procedureJan. 3, 2021

Congress adopts the procedure for the January 6 electoral count

Senate Concurrent Resolution 1 set the joint-session procedure for opening and counting the electoral votes. This is the procedural baseline against which later arguments about the Vice President's role can be compared.

Open source ↗
Archived government recordJan. 3, 2021

Senate Parliamentarian staff tracked official certificates and private-citizen submissions

National Archives material later published through GovInfo shows Senate Parliamentarian staff separately tracking the legitimate state electoral votes and unofficial submissions, including deficiencies in the alternate-elector documents. This is an archived record, not a criminal finding.

Open source ↗
Committee archiveJan. 4, 2021

Eastman receives another elector-strategy draft from Kenneth Chesebro

GovInfo preserves a January 4 email from Kenneth Chesebro to John Eastman forwarding an edited draft. The Select Committee cited this material in its discussion of the elector strategy. The existence of the email is documented; conclusions about intent are attributed to the committee where discussed.

Open source ↗
Committee findingJan. 4–5, 2021

Committee report describes escalating pressure on Pence to adopt Eastman's theory

Chapter 5 of the Select Committee report describes meetings and communications in which Trump and Eastman urged Pence to take steps that Pence and his advisers rejected. This entry is explicitly a committee finding, not an independent judicial determination.

Open source ↗
Pence's stated positionJan. 6, 2021 · before joint session

Pence says the Constitution does not give him unilateral authority to decide which electoral votes count

In a letter to members of Congress, Pence stated that his oath prevented him from claiming unilateral authority to determine which electoral votes should be counted. The page treats this as Pence's documented constitutional position, separate from competing legal advocacy advanced before January 6.

Open source ↗
Primary congressional recordJan. 6–7, 2021

The count resumes through objections decided by the House and Senate

After Congress reconvened, objections were handled by separate House and Senate votes and the electoral count was completed at 3:44 a.m. on January 7. The Congressional Record documents the procedure and outcome.

Open source ↗

State-election contacts

Georgia and the state-pressure record

Calls, visits, emails and testimony are placed in sequence. The page records what the source establishes while keeping later criminal allegations, committee findings and court outcomes in separate lanes.

GeorgiaDec. 22–23, 2020Reported contact

Meadows visits a Georgia signature-audit site; Trump later calls investigator Frances Watson

Associated Press's documented Georgia chronology reports that White House Chief of Staff Mark Meadows visited the Cobb County signature-audit site on December 22 and that Trump called lead investigator Frances Watson the next day. These contacts are presented as documented events, while legal characterizations are kept separate.

Open source ↗
GeorgiaDec. 31, 2020Committee archive

White House lawyer flags concern about facts in a proposed verification

A National Archives email published in the committee's GovInfo collection records Eric Herschmann telling Cleta Mitchell, with Mark Meadows copied, that he was concerned about the President signing a verification containing facts that might not withstand detailed scrutiny.

Open source ↗
GeorgiaJan. 2, 2021Recorded call

Trump and Raffensperger speak for roughly an hour about Georgia's result

The recorded call included Trump asking Georgia Secretary of State Brad Raffensperger to find 11,780 votes, while Raffensperger and counsel Ryan Germany disputed multiple fraud allegations. The hub links the event to the recorded-call record and treats later criminal or political interpretations separately.

Open source ↗
GeorgiaJan. 4, 2021Institutional aftermath

Atlanta U.S. Attorney B. Jay Pak resigns

Pak's resignation became part of the later congressional investigation into pressure on federal and state officials. The House hearing compilation includes testimony from Pak and Raffensperger; this card does not infer a criminal conclusion from the resignation itself.

Open source ↗
Multi-state2022 committee reportCommittee finding

Select Committee organizes state-pressure evidence into a dedicated chapter

Chapter 2 of the final report, titled “I Just Want to Find 11,780 Votes,” collects the committee's findings concerning contacts with officials in Georgia and other states. Those conclusions are identified here as committee findings and should not be confused with later court outcomes.

Open source ↗

Named evidence files

Giuliani, Eastman, Meadows and Jeffrey Clark

These are structured evidence indexes, not guilt-by-association cards. Each file identifies the documentary trail that later passes can expand into claims, testimony, court rulings and professional-discipline records.

Election challengesEvidence index

Rudolph Giuliani

Track state-legislative presentations, public fraud allegations, the January 6 rally speech, litigation outcomes, and later attorney-discipline records as separate evidence streams. Committee conclusions are labeled as committee findings rather than court judgments.

White House contactsCommunications trail

Mark Meadows

Track Meadows's role as a conduit among Trump, state officials and outside lawyers, including Georgia-related contacts and archived White House communications. Participation in a communication is not itself presented as proof of a crime.

Security preparation & response

What federal oversight found

These entries use GAO and Inspector General records. They distinguish documented planning and information-sharing failures from broader political claims about who was responsible for every delay or decision.

GAO finding

Threat information existed before January 6

GAO found that all 10 federal agencies it reviewed identified potential threats of violence before January 6, and that the FBI and U.S. Capitol Police identified credible threats. GAO also found that some agencies did not fully process or share critical information with partners responsible for security planning.

Audit source ↗
GAO finding

Capitol Police planning did not reflect the potential for extreme violence

GAO found Capitol Police planning focused on a manageable, largely nonviolent protest even though available information included the possibility that protesters could be armed and might target Congress. GAO also found the plan lacked contingencies for outside support.

Audit source ↗
GAO finding

Emergency-assistance procedures were unclear

GAO found the Capitol Police and Capitol Police Board lacked clear, detailed procedures for obtaining emergency support from other agencies. About 2,000 personnel from outside agencies ultimately assisted, but the process for requesting and approving that support was not clearly documented.

Audit source ↗
Inspector General review

The Defense Department response has its own audit trail

The Defense Department Inspector General separately reviewed pre-event support requests, requests made as the attack unfolded, and whether DoD actions complied with applicable requirements. This hub treats that report as a distinct audit source rather than collapsing the entire security response into a single political claim.

Audit source ↗

Command-and-response chronology

National Guard request, authorization and arrival

The records use different milestones for request, mobilization, mission approval, communication and arrival. This timeline preserves those distinctions instead of compressing them into a single “called” or “deployed” time.

1:49 PMRequest record

Capitol Police chief requests Guard assistance

In the bipartisan Senate oversight record, then-Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund's request for National Guard assistance is placed at 1:49 PM. Later testimony disputed parts of the request-and-approval sequence, so this hub presents the time as part of the Senate oversight record rather than as an uncontested single-agency timestamp.

Open source ↗
3:04 PMDoD public timeline

Defense leadership authorizes mobilization of the full D.C. Guard

Senate testimony from Defense official Robert Salesses stated that Acting Defense Secretary Christopher Miller made the decision at 3:04 PM to mobilize the entire D.C. National Guard. The same hearing record says Army leadership then worked through the mission, force size, equipment and employment details.

Open source ↗
3:04–4:10 PMMission planning

Army officials work through how Guard forces would be employed

The Senate hearing record describes questions during this period about whether Guard personnel would clear buildings or provide perimeter security, how they would be equipped, and how many personnel would be needed. That record documents a mobilization decision before a completed Capitol deployment plan.

Open source ↗
5:08 PMDisputed communication point

Walker said the deployment instruction reached him at 5:08 PM

Major General William Walker told Senate investigators that the instruction to deploy did not reach the D.C. National Guard until 5:08 PM. The Defense Department's public timeline used earlier mobilization/authorization milestones, which is why this hub distinguishes authorization, mission planning and communication to the commanding general rather than treating them as one event.

Open source ↗
~5:20 PMArrival

D.C. Guard personnel begin arriving at the Capitol

The bipartisan Senate investigation later summarized that National Guard personnel began arriving at the Capitol around 5:20 PM—more than four hours after the first barriers were breached and nearly three hours after the Defense Department received the support request cited by the committee.

Open source ↗
Post-event reviewInspector General audit

DoD OIG reviewed the competing timelines against communications records

The Defense Department Inspector General examined official emails, telephone records, call logs, text messages and other records when evaluating the Department's preparation and response. This hub links that audit separately from congressional characterizations so readers can compare institutional records.

Open source ↗

Congressional record

The objections Congress actually voted on

After the Capitol was cleared and the joint session resumed, both chambers considered objections to Arizona and Pennsylvania. The official House Clerk and Senate roll calls preserve the exact votes.

SenateArizonaJan. 6 · 9:58 PM
6–93

Not sustained · Representative Paul Gosar and Senator Ted Cruz, with others

Open roll call ↗
HouseArizonaJan. 6 · 11:08 PM
121–303

Failed · Objection to Arizona electoral votes

Open roll call ↗
SenatePennsylvaniaJan. 7 · 12:30 AM
7–92

Not sustained · Representative Scott Perry and Senator Josh Hawley

Open roll call ↗
HousePennsylvaniaJan. 7 · 3:08 AM
138–282

Failed · Objection to Pennsylvania electoral votes

Open roll call ↗

Member-level Senate record

Who voted to sustain the objections?

The eight senators below are the complete set who voted to sustain at least one of the two objections. Their two votes are shown side by side to avoid implying every objector voted identically on both states.

Ted CruzRepublican · Texas
Arizona
Yea
Pennsylvania
Yea

Voted to sustain both objections. The Senate Arizona roll call identifies Cruz as a sponsor; the Pennsylvania objection was submitted by Rep. Scott Perry and Sen. Josh Hawley.

Open Senate roll call ↗
John KennedyRepublican · Louisiana
Arizona
Yea
Pennsylvania
Nay

Voted to sustain Arizona, then voted against sustaining Pennsylvania.

Open Senate roll call ↗
Cynthia LummisRepublican · Wyoming
Arizona
Nay
Pennsylvania
Yea

Voted against sustaining Arizona, then voted to sustain Pennsylvania.

Open Senate roll call ↗
Rick ScottRepublican · Florida
Arizona
Nay
Pennsylvania
Yea

Voted against sustaining Arizona, then voted to sustain Pennsylvania.

Open Senate roll call ↗

Chamber comparison

How the four roll calls differed

House party totals come directly from the Clerk; Senate names come directly from the Senate roll calls.

Arizona · Senate6–93

Six Republicans voted to sustain: Cruz, Hawley, Hyde-Smith, Kennedy, Marshall and Tuberville.

Open official roll call ↗
Pennsylvania · Senate7–92

Seven Republicans voted to sustain: Cruz, Hawley, Hyde-Smith, Lummis, Marshall, Scott of Florida and Tuberville.

Open official roll call ↗
Arizona · House121–303

The House Clerk records 121 Republican yeas, 83 Republican nays, and no Democratic yeas. Seven members did not vote.

Open official roll call ↗
Pennsylvania · House138–282

The House Clerk records 138 Republican yeas, 64 Republican nays, and no Democratic yeas. Eleven members did not vote.

Open official roll call ↗

Seven-state document map

Unofficial alternate-elector certificates preserved by NARA

NARA explicitly says these submissions were not accepted as evidence of official state action. The cards link directly to the archived scans.

Arizona11 electoral votes

NARA publishes an unofficial Republican certificate of vote; NARA says these materials were not accepted as evidence of official state action.

Open NARA scan ↗
Georgia16 electoral votes

NARA publishes an unofficial Republican certificate of vote transmitted from Georgia.

Open NARA scan ↗
Michigan16 electoral votes

NARA publishes an unofficial Republican certificate of vote transmitted from Michigan.

Open NARA scan ↗
New Mexico5 electoral votes

The New Mexico document expressly says the signers acted on the understanding they might later be determined to be duly elected and qualified electors.

Open NARA scan ↗
Nevada6 electoral votes

NARA publishes an unofficial Republican certificate of vote transmitted from Nevada.

Open NARA scan ↗
Pennsylvania20 electoral votes

NARA publishes an unofficial Republican certificate of vote and related correspondence from Pennsylvania.

Open NARA scan ↗
Wisconsin10 electoral votes

NARA publishes an unofficial Republican certificate of vote transmitted from Wisconsin.

Open NARA scan ↗

Characters & institutions

People who shaped the record

Being listed here does not imply equivalent conduct or legal responsibility. Roles are described separately and linked to the evidence trail.

White HouseDonald J. TrumpPresident in 2021; central political figure

Promoted claims that the 2020 result was illegitimate, pressed state and federal officials over the result, publicly pressured Pence, spoke at the Ellipse on January 6, and later issued clemency for January 6 defendants after returning to office.

Constitutional roleMike PenceVice President; presiding officer of the joint session

Rejected the argument that he could unilaterally decide which electoral votes to count and presided when Congress resumed the count.

Election challengesRudolph GiulianiTrump lawyer and public advocate

Helped advance election-fraud allegations and spoke at the January 6 rally. The hub will separately track statements, litigation outcomes and disciplinary proceedings.

Legal theoryJohn EastmanLawyer associated with Pence strategy

Advanced a theory under which Pence could alter or delay the count. The Select Committee devoted a chapter to the theory; the hub will distinguish legal advocacy from later court findings and disciplinary records.

White HouseMark MeadowsWhite House chief of staff

A key conduit for election-related contacts and messages. Committee materials and later litigation contain extensive records of his communications.

Justice DepartmentJeffrey ClarkActing DOJ Civil Division leader in 2020

Was involved in a proposed Justice Department letter urging Georgia officials to consider election-fraud concerns; senior DOJ leadership resisted the proposal.

Proud BoysEnrique TarrioFormer Proud Boys national chairman

Convicted with other Proud Boys leaders of seditious conspiracy or related felonies; later received clemency under Trump’s January 2025 proclamation.

Oath KeepersStewart RhodesOath Keepers founder

Convicted of seditious conspiracy after a federal trial; his sentence was later commuted to time served in January 2025.

Law enforcementU.S. Capitol Police & MPDLaw enforcement defending the Capitol

Officers defended the Capitol complex, members of Congress and the electoral-count proceeding. DOJ says approximately 140 officers were assaulted.

Pending federal caseBrian J. Cole Jr.Defendant in the RNC/DNC pipe-bomb case

Federal prosecutors allege Cole placed two pipe bombs near the RNC and DNC on January 5, 2021. He has pleaded not guilty. DOJ announced his arrest in December 2025, a federal indictment in January 2026, and a judge later set trial for February 2027.

Claims worth separating

What does the evidence actually establish?

These are starting points, not the end of the archive. Each question will grow into a fuller evidence review with direct quotations, video and cross-profile links.

Documented record

What was the official 2020 Electoral College result?

306 electoral votes for Biden and 232 for Trump. This is the result preserved by the National Archives and counted by Congress.

Audit source ↗
Documented record

Were alternate elector documents actually submitted?

Yes. NARA publishes unofficial certificates received from Republican slates in seven states and explicitly says they were not accepted as evidence of official state action.

Audit source ↗
Record + constitutional dispute

Could Pence simply reject electoral votes himself?

Pence concluded that he had no unilateral authority to decide which electoral votes counted. The Congressional Record shows the count proceeded through objections decided by the House and Senate, not by Pence alone.

Audit source ↗
False as a blanket claim

Was January 6 entirely peaceful?

No. Many people in Washington that day did not commit violence, but the Capitol was forcibly breached and DOJ documented hundreds of assault/impeding-officer cases. Both facts matter.

Audit source ↗
Documented court outcomes

Were people convicted of seditious conspiracy?

Yes. Federal juries convicted Oath Keepers and Proud Boys leaders or members of seditious conspiracy in separate cases.

Audit source ↗
Legal-status distinction

Did the 2025 pardons erase the convictions from history?

Clemency changed punishment and legal consequences. The proclamation does not make the underlying trial records, guilty pleas, verdicts or historical events disappear; the hub preserves both the court record and the later clemency record.

Audit source ↗
Pending criminal case

Has anyone been convicted of planting the January 5 pipe bombs?

No. Federal prosecutors charged Brian J. Cole Jr. in 2025–2026 and say evidence links him to the devices, but he pleaded not guilty and has not been convicted. His trial is scheduled for February 16, 2027. The hub therefore labels this a pending criminal case, not a solved fact in the sense of a final verdict.

Audit source ↗
Documented oversight finding

Did federal agencies have warning signs before January 6?

Yes. GAO found all 10 agencies it reviewed identified potential threats of violence before January 6, with the FBI and Capitol Police identifying credible threats. GAO also found failures to fully process or share some critical threat information.

Audit source ↗
Documented congressional record

Did Congress actually vote on electoral objections after the Capitol was cleared?

Yes. Both chambers voted on objections to Arizona and Pennsylvania. Arizona was rejected 121–303 in the House and 6–93 in the Senate; Pennsylvania was rejected 138–282 in the House and 7–92 in the Senate.

Audit source ↗

Court records, then clemency

Proud Boys and Oath Keepers case trees

These trees preserve the historical verdict and sentence record while showing the separate legal effect of the January 20, 2025 clemency proclamation. A commutation is not described as an acquittal, and a pardon is not used to rewrite the historical verdict.

Proud BoysHistorical court record + 2025 clemency

A federal jury convicted Enrique Tarrio, Ethan Nordean, Joseph Biggs and Zachary Rehl of seditious conspiracy in May 2023. Dominic Pezzola was acquitted of seditious conspiracy but convicted of other felonies. Sentences ranged from 10 years for Pezzola to 22 years for Tarrio before the January 20, 2025 clemency action changed custody and sentence status.

  • Enrique TarrioSeditious-conspiracy conviction; 22-year sentencePardoned under the proclamation's broad pardon provision because he was not one of the named commutation recipients.
  • Ethan NordeanSeditious-conspiracy conviction; 18-year sentenceSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
  • Joseph BiggsSeditious-conspiracy conviction; 17-year sentenceSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
  • Zachary RehlSeditious-conspiracy conviction; 15-year sentenceSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
  • Dominic PezzolaConvicted of other felonies; 10-year sentence; not convicted of seditious conspiracySentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
Oath KeepersHistorical court record + 2025 clemency

Two Oath Keepers trials produced six seditious-conspiracy convictions: Stewart Rhodes and Kelly Meggs in November 2022, followed by Roberto Minuta, Joseph Hackett, David Moerschel and Edward Vallejo in January 2023. The January 20, 2025 proclamation later commuted the sentences of those six and several related defendants to time served.

  • Stewart RhodesSeditious-conspiracy conviction; 18-year sentenceSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
  • Kelly MeggsSeditious-conspiracy conviction; 12-year sentenceSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
  • Roberto MinutaSeditious-conspiracy convictionSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
  • Joseph HackettSeditious-conspiracy convictionSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
  • David MoerschelSeditious-conspiracy convictionSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.
  • Edward VallejoSeditious-conspiracy convictionSentence commuted to time served on Jan. 20, 2025.

Officer injuries, deaths & disputed casualty claims

What the records establish—and what they do not

Numbers about January 6 deaths are often compressed into slogans. This section separates assaults and injuries, medical cause-of-death findings, later suicides, congressional recognition, and claims that require a definition before they can be judged.

Officer assaults

DOJ counted approximately 140 officers assaulted

DOJ's second-anniversary summary said approximately 140 police officers were assaulted at the Capitol—about 80 Capitol Police and about 60 Metropolitan Police officers. A separate 2021 federal law stated that more than 140 law-enforcement officers suffered physical injuries, including 15 hospitalized. These are institutional counts, not a claim that every injury had the same severity or cause.

Audit source ↗
Brian Sicknick

Medical examiner ruled natural causes; Capitol Police kept line-of-duty designation

The D.C. medical examiner determined Officer Brian Sicknick died of natural causes after suffering strokes. Capitol Police publicly accepted that finding while stating that he died in the line of duty after defending the Capitol. The hub therefore does not describe his death as a homicide or as medically caused by an assault.

Audit source ↗
Deaths after January 6

Congress recognized additional officer deaths while causation varies by record

Congressional records honor Capitol Police Officer Howard Liebengood and Metropolitan Police Officer Jeffrey Smith, who died by suicide after January 6; later congressional remarks also name MPD officers Gunther Hashida and Kyle DeFreytag. This hub records the timing and institutional recognition but does not present suicide causation as medically or legally established solely by the fact that the deaths followed January 6.

Audit source ↗
Casualty-number claims

Broad death totals require a definition

Public Law 117-32 stated that up to seven Americans died following the attack. That statutory finding combines people whose deaths occurred during or after the event and does not mean seven people were all killed by the same mechanism. Claims such as “five officers were killed on January 6” are therefore too imprecise without explaining individual causes of death.

Audit source ↗

Post-conviction status

What the January 2025 clemency action changed

The proclamation altered sentences, pardoned covered convictions and directed dismissal of covered pending cases. It did not transform past guilty pleas or jury verdicts into findings that the underlying conduct never occurred.

Fourteen named sentences were commuted to time served

The January 20, 2025 proclamation specifically named Stewart Rhodes, Kelly Meggs, Kenneth Harrelson, Thomas Caldwell, Jessica Watkins, Roberto Minuta, Edward Vallejo, David Moerschel, Joseph Hackett, Ethan Nordean, Joseph Biggs, Zachary Rehl, Dominic Pezzola and Jeremy Bertino for commutations to time served.

Open clemency record ↗

Other covered convictions received full pardons

The same proclamation granted full, complete and unconditional pardons to all other individuals convicted of covered January 6 offenses and directed dismissal with prejudice of pending indictments for covered conduct. Clemency changes punishment and legal consequences; it does not erase the fact that a historical conviction or plea occurred.

Open clemency record ↗

DOJ continues to issue pardon certificates

The Office of the Pardon Attorney maintains instructions for obtaining January 6 pardon certificates and a FOIA-released list of people who requested and were issued certificates. This provides an administrative record of implementation separate from the proclamation itself.

Open clemency record ↗

Audit the page

Primary source library

The initial hub is deliberately anchored to government archives and court/prosecution records. Independent reporting will be layered in for context where primary records do not answer the whole question.

Primary recordNational Archives — official 2020 Electoral College resultOpen original record ↗Primary archiveNational Archives — unofficial alternate-elector certificatesOpen original record ↗Primary recordCongressional Record — January 6 electoral countOpen original record ↗Congressional archiveGovInfo — Select Committee final report and supporting materialsOpen original record ↗Court/prosecution recordDOJ — Proud Boys seditious-conspiracy verdictsOpen original record ↗Court/prosecution recordDOJ — Oath Keepers seditious-conspiracy verdictsOpen original record ↗Justice DepartmentDOJ — January 2025 case statisticsOpen original record ↗Primary presidential actionWhite House — January 20, 2025 clemency proclamationOpen original record ↗Primary charging recordDOJ — December 2025 arrest in RNC/DNC pipe-bomb caseOpen original record ↗Primary charging recordDOJ — January 2026 federal indictment of Brian Cole Jr.Open original record ↗Federal investigative recordFBI — December 2025 arrest announcement and case backgroundOpen original record ↗Independent court chronologyAssociated Press — July 2026 trial date and pardon rulingOpen original record ↗Federal oversightGAO — Capitol Police physical-security planning and emergency-support proceduresOpen original record ↗Federal oversightGAO — federal threat identification and information-sharing before January 6Open original record ↗Federal oversightGAO — open-source threat products before January 6Open original record ↗Inspector General reviewDoD OIG — Defense Department January 6 preparation and response reviewOpen original record ↗Primary congressional recordHouse Clerk — Arizona electoral objection roll callOpen original record ↗Primary congressional recordHouse Clerk — Pennsylvania electoral objection roll callOpen original record ↗Primary congressional recordU.S. Senate — Arizona electoral objection roll callOpen original record ↗Primary congressional recordU.S. Senate — Pennsylvania electoral objection roll callOpen original record ↗Primary archiveNARA — unofficial 2020 elector certificatesOpen original record ↗Primary archiveGovInfo — January 6 Committee supporting-material collectionOpen original record ↗Primary congressional recordGovInfo — S. Con. Res. 1 electoral-count procedureOpen original record ↗Archived government recordGovInfo — Senate Parliamentarian/NARA alternate-elector tracking emailsOpen original record ↗Committee archive / produced documentGovInfo — January 4 Chesebro-to-Eastman emailOpen original record ↗Congressional hearing recordGovInfo — House January 6 hearing compilationOpen original record ↗Committee archive / NARA productionGovInfo — Dec. 31 Herschmann email copied to MeadowsOpen original record ↗Independent reporting / audio recordGeorgia Public Broadcasting — Jan. 2 Trump–Raffensperger recorded-call transcript/contextOpen original record ↗Independent chronologyAssociated Press — Georgia 2020 election-contact chronologyOpen original record ↗Court/prosecution recordDOJ — Tarrio sentencing recordOpen original record ↗Court/prosecution recordDOJ — Oath Keepers first seditious-conspiracy verdictOpen original record ↗Official police recordUSCP — Sicknick medical-examiner statementOpen original record ↗Federal statutePublic Law 117-32 — Congressional Gold Medals / casualty findingsOpen original record ↗Prosecution statisticsDOJ — January 2025 charging statisticsOpen original record ↗Clemency administrationDOJ Pardon Attorney — January 6 certificate recipientsOpen original record ↗Bipartisan Senate oversight recordHSGAC/Rules hearing — National Guard response timeline and Walker testimonyOpen original record ↗Congressional hearing recordHSGAC hearing — Defense testimony on 3:04 PM mobilization and mission planningOpen original record ↗Congressional oversight summarySen. Klobuchar — Senate floor summary of roughly 5:20 PM Guard arrivalOpen original record ↗Official congressional activity logU.S. Senate Daily Press — January 6 chamber activity logOpen original record ↗Committee-preserved video sourceGovInfo — synchronized East Main / Columbus Doors video compilationOpen original record ↗Court/prosecution recordDOJ — Bosch guilty verdict / body-camera and open-source trial evidenceOpen original record ↗Presidential remarks archiveAmerican Presidency Project — January 6 videotaped Trump remarksOpen original record ↗Official presidential recordGovInfo / NARA — January 7 Trump videotaped remarksOpen original record ↗Primary congressional roll callHouse Clerk — Arizona objection vote including party breakdownOpen original record ↗Congressional hearing transcript / committee chronologyHouse Select Committee hearing — Pence pressure, evacuation and 2:24 p.m. postOpen original record ↗Congressional hearing transcript / contemporaneous staff communicationsHouse Select Committee hearing — NSC staff chronologyOpen original record ↗Congressional Record / preserved presidential media chronologyCongressional Record — January 6 impeachment chronology, 4:17 and 6:01 recordsOpen original record ↗

Backlog for this hub

What we are building next

Expand the minute-by-minute Capitol map with additional camera angles, radio traffic and room-by-room movementTrump–Pence pressure timeline — expand call logs, advisers and contemporaneous notesGeorgia and state-election contacts — expand state-by-state calls, testimony and court outcomesAlternate-elector document map by stateGiuliani / Eastman / Meadows / Clark evidence filesProud Boys and Oath Keepers case trees — expand appeals and individual docketsOfficer injuries, deaths and casualty claims — add named officer testimony and medical recordsMinute-by-minute security and National Guard command timeline — expand with radio logs and agency cross-checksCongressional objections expanded to member-by-member profiles2025 pardons/commutations and post-clemency status